Two grids on the same template. The first is empty - print it, fill in each cell with a one-line note while you revise. The second is a worked example to check yourself against.
Each cell asks one question: does this row strengthen the column quality (mark +) or weaken it (mark -)? Then add a one-line note saying why. The plus and minus columns are deliberately not pre-printed - your judgement is the work.
| Strand+ - | Civic nation | Rational human nature | Universal self-rule | Cooperate, not dominate | Civic, non-supreme state | Inclusive route |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | ||||||
| Conservative | ||||||
| Expansionist | ||||||
| Anti-colonial |
| Strand+ - | Civic nation | Rational human nature | Universal self-rule | Cooperate, not dominate | Civic, non-supreme state | Inclusive route |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | +Strongly holds: the nation is a chosen political community of shared values (Rousseau, Mazzini). | +Strongly holds: rational and progressive; people choose their governing authority (Rousseau). | +Strongly holds: a universal right, every nation deserves a state (Mazzini). | +Strongly holds: sovereign nations cooperate as equals - liberal internationalism (Mazzini). | +Strongly holds: a civic nation-state all can join, not supreme over the individual (Mazzini). | +Strongly holds: inclusive and peaceful, by consent and self-determination, not force. |
| Conservative | -Rejects: the nation is cultural and inherited, bound by language and tradition (von Herder). | -Rejects the rational view: humans are pessimistic and security-seeking (von Herder). | ±Mixed: backs self-rule for one's own nation, but not as a universal right for all. | -Rejects: inward-looking and cool towards cross-border cooperation; the nation is the limit. | ±Mixed: a romantic embodiment of culture, neither civic nor an oppressive imperial master. | -Rejects: the nation is bound by cultural exclusion, not open inclusive membership. |
| Expansionist | -Rejects: the nation is exclusive, sometimes racially defined, not a voluntary civic body. | -Rejects the rational view: chauvinist superiority over other nations (Maurras). | -Rejects it as universal: denies self-rule to weaker peoples in order to dominate (Maurras). | -Rejects: chauvinist supremacy and imperial domination, not cooperation between equals (Maurras). | -Rejects the non-supreme civic state: the state is supreme and the individual subservient (Maurras). | -Rejects inclusive means: militarism, conquest and force build the nation (Maurras). |
| Anti-colonial | ±Mixed: civic and inclusive by shared experience, but also reasserts suppressed culture (Garvey). | +Strongly holds: rational and progressive; the equal moral worth of all peoples (Garvey). | +Strongly holds: nations have the right to govern themselves free from domination (Garvey). | +Strongly holds: pan-national solidarity across borders, such as Garvey's pan-Africanism. | +Strongly holds: the nation-state as a vehicle of liberation, not an oppressive master (Garvey). | +Strongly holds: inclusive liberation on the basis of shared experience, not ethnic purity. |