18 concepts the spec wants you to use precisely, drawn from the Panther database. Read them, then test yourself.
In test mode, tap a concept to reveal its definition.
The concepts
Bandwagon effect(tap to reveal)- When people support a candidate just because they seem to be winning.
Policy issue poll(tap to reveal)- A survey asking what people think about a specific policy - separate from asking how they would vote.
Voting intention poll(tap to reveal)- A survey asking how people would vote today. Used to track party support between elections.
Agenda setting(tap to reveal)- The ability to decide which issues politicians and the public pay attention to.
Blue Wall(tap to reveal)- A group of traditionally Conservative-voting, affluent constituencies in the South of England and commuter belts that became more competitive for the Liberal Democrats.
Class alignment(tap to reveal)- The old pattern where working-class people voted Labour and middle-class people voted Conservative.
Class dealignment(tap to reveal)- The weakening connection between social class and how people vote, so working-class voters no longer automatically support Labour.
Class politics(tap to reveal)- When voting and political loyalties are shaped mainly by social class, with workers supporting left-wing parties and the better-off supporting right-wing parties.
Core voter(tap to reveal)- A loyal party voter who almost always votes the same way regardless of circumstances.
Dark adverts(tap to reveal)- Political adverts on social media that only the target audience can see - hard to scrutinise or regulate.
Deferential voter(tap to reveal)- Someone who votes for a party out of habit, loyalty to social superiors or tradition rather than thinking carefully about policies.
Disillusion and apathy(tap to reveal)- A growing sense among citizens that politics cannot change things, leading them to disengage and stop participating.
Echo chamber(tap to reveal)- A situation, often on social media, where people are exposed mainly to views that match their own, reinforcing existing beliefs.
Economic voting model(tap to reveal)- The theory that people vote mainly based on how well the economy is doing, backing the government when times are good and throwing it out when they are not.
Electoral volatility(tap to reveal)- How much voters move between parties between elections. Increasing as party loyalty weakens.
Embourgeoisement(tap to reveal)- The idea that working-class people who become more prosperous start voting and behaving like the middle class.
Exit poll(tap to reveal)- A survey of voters as they leave polling stations, used to predict the result before counting is done.
Fake news(tap to reveal)- Made-up stories designed to look like real news. Spread rapidly on social media.