18 concepts the spec wants you to use precisely, drawn from the Panther database. Read them, then test yourself.
In test mode, tap a concept to reveal its definition.
The concepts
Progressive (political)(tap to reveal)- Favouring political change that expands rights, reduces inequality and improves the lives of those worse off in society.
Regressive (political)(tap to reveal)- Favouring a return to old ways of doing things or having the effect of making things worse for those who are already worst off.
Blue Labour(tap to reveal)- Blue Labour is the socially conservative, economically left wing of the Labour Party. It values community, family, work and national identity, and is suspicious of both free markets and liberal individualism. Influential on Red Wall messaging under Starmer.Use it: Use to explain Labour's attempts to win back socially conservative working-class voters after Brexit, and to complicate the idea that Labour is uniformly on the cultural left. Useful in essays on the broad church, on ideological change within Labour, and on the Red Wall.
Broad church(tap to reveal)- A party that includes people with quite different political views under one tent.
Broad church(tap to reveal)- A party that includes people with quite different views, from left to right within its own ranks.
Catch-all party(tap to reveal)- A party that tries to appeal to everyone, not just its traditional supporters.
Classical liberals(tap to reveal)- Early liberal thinkers who believed individuals should be as free as possible from government interference, especially in the economy.
Communitarianism(tap to reveal)- A political philosophy that says individuals are shaped by and have responsibilities to their community, not just their own personal interests.
Cranborne money(tap to reveal)- Public funding given to opposition parties in the House of Lords to help them carry out scrutiny and parliamentary work.
Deregulation(tap to reveal)- Removing government rules on businesses - a key feature of Thatcherite and free-market economic policy.
Dominant party system(tap to reveal)- When one party keeps winning elections even though opposition parties still exist and compete.
Faction (party)(tap to reveal)- An organised group within a political party that shares a particular set of views and campaigns for them within the party, sometimes in opposition to the leadership.
Ideology(tap to reveal)- A set of political beliefs about how society should be organised. Conservatism, socialism and liberalism are all ideologies.
Left-wing(tap to reveal)- A political outlook that supports change, greater equality, and a bigger role for the state in reducing inequality.
Mixed economy(tap to reveal)- An economy with both private businesses and significant government involvement and public ownership.
Modern liberals(tap to reveal)- Liberal thinkers who believe the government should actively support people so they have the real conditions needed to be free and flourish.
Multi-party system(tap to reveal)- A political system where more than two parties regularly compete for power and win significant representation.
Nationalisation(tap to reveal)- The government taking over private industries to run them publicly. Labour did this extensively after 1945.