18 concepts the spec wants you to use precisely, drawn from the Panther database. Read them, then test yourself.
In test mode, tap a concept to reveal its definition.
The concepts
Two-and-a-half-party system(tap to reveal)- A party system where two major parties dominate but a significant third party exists, winning enough seats to matter, as described the Lib Dems' role in UK politics.
Two-party system(tap to reveal)- A political system dominated by two main parties that take turns in government, as has broadly been the case in the UK and the US.
Ideology(tap to reveal)- A set of political beliefs about how society should be organised. Conservatism, socialism and liberalism are all ideologies.
Multi-party system(tap to reveal)- A political system where more than two parties regularly compete for power and win significant representation.
New Right(tap to reveal)- A strand of Conservatism combining free-market economics (low taxes, minimal government) with traditional social values such as law and order.
Party systems(tap to reveal)- The overall pattern of how political parties compete in a country, such as whether it has two dominant parties or many.
Blue Labour(tap to reveal)- Blue Labour is the socially conservative, economically left wing of the Labour Party. It values community, family, work and national identity, and is suspicious of both free markets and liberal individualism. Influential on Red Wall messaging under Starmer.Use it: Use to explain Labour's attempts to win back socially conservative working-class voters after Brexit, and to complicate the idea that Labour is uniformly on the cultural left. Useful in essays on the broad church, on ideological change within Labour, and on the Red Wall.
Broad church(tap to reveal)- A party that includes people with quite different political views under one tent.
Broad church(tap to reveal)- A party that includes people with quite different views, from left to right within its own ranks.
Catch-all party(tap to reveal)- A party that tries to appeal to everyone, not just its traditional supporters.
Classical liberals(tap to reveal)- Early liberal thinkers who believed individuals should be as free as possible from government interference, especially in the economy.
Communitarianism(tap to reveal)- A political philosophy that says individuals are shaped by and have responsibilities to their community, not just their own personal interests.
Cranborne money(tap to reveal)- Public funding given to opposition parties in the House of Lords to help them carry out scrutiny and parliamentary work.
Deregulation(tap to reveal)- Removing government rules on businesses - a key feature of Thatcherite and free-market economic policy.
Dominant party system(tap to reveal)- When one party keeps winning elections even though opposition parties still exist and compete.
Faction (party)(tap to reveal)- An organised group within a political party that shares a particular set of views and campaigns for them within the party, sometimes in opposition to the leadership.
Left-wing(tap to reveal)- A political outlook that supports change, greater equality, and a bigger role for the state in reducing inequality.
Mixed economy(tap to reveal)- An economy with both private businesses and significant government involvement and public ownership.