How to use this

Two grids on the same template. The first is empty - print it, fill in each cell with a one-line note while you revise. The second is a worked example to check yourself against.

Each cell asks one question: does this row strengthen the column quality (mark +) or weaken it (mark -)? Then add a one-line note saying why. The plus and minus columns are deliberately not pre-printed - your judgement is the work.

Strong institutions = does this body or regime have real institutional machinery? Binding enforcement = can it enforce its rules against an unwilling state? States comply = do states actually follow it in practice? Measurable progress = has the underlying problem actually improved? Serves the weakest = does it protect or serve the least powerful? Great-power backing = do the most powerful states support it? Well dealt with = your overall verdict: has this been dealt with well?

Regional against global - which bodies have more impact? + -

Empty version. Print and fill in.

Body+ -

Strong institutions

Binding enforcement

States comply

Measurable progress

Serves the weakest

Great-power backing

Well dealt with

African
Union

ASEAN

IMF

World Bank

WTO

Regional against global - which bodies have more impact? + -

Filled version. Use this to check your own grid - and tap any cell for the full detail behind the judgement.

Body+ -	Strong institutions	Binding enforcement	States comply	Measurable progress	Serves the weakest	Great-power backing	Well dealt with
EU	+The fullest institutional set in global politics.	+A court whose rulings bind member states.	+Members comply or litigate - and then comply.	+Peace and a single market across a once-warring continent.	+Small members gain a voice no small state has alone.	-A great power in trade, dependent in security.	+The deepest impact of any organisation on this grid - regionally.
African Union	+A full institutional set, modelled in part on the EU.	-Institutions advise; member governments decide.	-Members accept few binding constraints.	-Ambitions broad, delivery still developing.	+Peacekeeping where the UN is stretched - AMISOM the example.	-Underfunded and externally dependent.	-Broad but shallow - the regionalists' hard case.
ASEAN	-Deliberately light - consensus, not machinery.	-Non-interference is the founding principle.	+Members comply with what they design to be easy.	+Trade integration delivered - exactly what members asked.	+Small states negotiate with giants as a bloc.	-Navigates between China and the US rather than shaping either.	-Effective by its own measure, modest by the question's.
IMF	+Universal membership, permanent machinery.	+Conditionality bites everywhere.	+Borrowers comply - access depends on it.	+Crises stabilised on every continent.	-Adjustment costs fall on the poorest.	+Weighted voting; Western-led by convention.	+Universal reach the regional bodies cannot match.
World Bank	+Unmatched development-finance machinery.	+Conditions on lending.	+Project terms hold because the money does.	+Infrastructure and poverty programmes at scale.	+Concessional lending aims at the poorest - imperfectly.	+Western-led - the legitimacy criticism.	+Delivers most exactly where regionalism is thinnest.
WTO	+One rulebook for the world's trade.	+Dispute rulings backed by authorised retaliation.	+Most disputes end in compliance.	+Decades of falling barriers.	-Rules favour those who wrote them.	-Paralysed where great powers withhold consent.	+Weakened, still indispensable.

Body+ -

Strong institutions

Binding enforcement

States comply

Measurable progress

Serves the weakest

Great-power backing

Well dealt with

+The fullest institutional set in global politics.

+A court whose rulings bind member states.

+Members comply or litigate - and then comply.

+Peace and a single market across a once-warring continent.

+Small members gain a voice no small state has alone.

-A great power in trade, dependent in security.

+The deepest impact of any organisation on this grid - regionally.

African
Union

+A full institutional set, modelled in part on the EU.

-Institutions advise; member governments decide.

-Members accept few binding constraints.

-Ambitions broad, delivery still developing.

+Peacekeeping where the UN is stretched - AMISOM the example.

-Underfunded and externally dependent.

-Broad but shallow - the regionalists' hard case.

ASEAN

-Deliberately light - consensus, not machinery.

-Non-interference is the founding principle.

+Members comply with what they design to be easy.

+Trade integration delivered - exactly what members asked.

+Small states negotiate with giants as a bloc.

-Navigates between China and the US rather than shaping either.

-Effective by its own measure, modest by the question's.

IMF

+Universal membership, permanent machinery.

+Conditionality bites everywhere.

+Borrowers comply - access depends on it.

+Crises stabilised on every continent.

-Adjustment costs fall on the poorest.

+Weighted voting; Western-led by convention.

+Universal reach the regional bodies cannot match.

World Bank

+Unmatched development-finance machinery.

+Conditions on lending.

+Project terms hold because the money does.

+Infrastructure and poverty programmes at scale.

+Concessional lending aims at the poorest - imperfectly.

+Western-led - the legitimacy criticism.

+Delivers most exactly where regionalism is thinnest.

WTO

+One rulebook for the world's trade.

+Dispute rulings backed by authorised retaliation.

+Most disputes end in compliance.

+Decades of falling barriers.

-Rules favour those who wrote them.

-Paralysed where great powers withhold consent.

+Weakened, still indispensable.

What the filled grid shows. Read the two halves against each other. The regional half peaks at the EU - deep, binding, consequential - and falls away fast: the AU is broad but shallow and ASEAN is intergovernmental by choice. The global half is shallower but universal: IMF conditionality and trade rules reach every continent. The judgement line for the 2022 question: regional bodies have more impact where they are deep (Europe), global bodies where depth is impossible (everywhere else) - so the answer turns on which issues and which regions the essay weighs.