AO1: Both legislatures may face gridlock. AO2: Disagreement between the House of Representatives and the Senate and between the House of AO1: Commons and the House of Lords over the proposed content or amendments suggested to Bills can significantly delay the passage of legislation. AO2: It is difficult for individual members of Congress/MPs to pass legislation they have proposed without executive support. AO1: In the US, presidents can veto Congressional Bills; in the UK, Private Members’ Bills usually need government support to allow time for full legislative proposals to be discussed by Parliament. AO2: Party discipline can be used to try force through/prevent legislation being passed. AO1: Although party loyalty and the whip system are stronger in the UK, Majority and Minority leaders in the US are increasingly focused on working with members of Congress to try to ensure support/opposition to key party or presidential proposals. AO2: Legislative agenda is dominated by the executive. AO1: There is a strong focus on the agenda set out in the presidential State of the Union address and legislative proposals put forward by presidents, which can influence Bills introduced in Congress and limit focus and time spent discussing individual Bills; similarly, the Queen’s Speech is dominated by the PM’s proposals. AO2: Opportunities to introduce legislation are limited. AO1: In the US, this is due to the sheer volume of Bills proposed annually and the power of the committee system to ‘pigeon-hole’ and delay Bills reaching the floor for discussion; in the UK, this is due to the limited number of opportunities for EDM, PMB or Ten-Minute Rule introductions – few such proposals move beyond the initial debate.