Candidates may refer to the following analytical points (AO2) and evaluative (AO3) points when reviewing the other significant forms of globalisation: • homogenisation may have led to cultural backlash, ethnic nationalism, religious fundamentalism and opposition to a perceived US dominance. Also, non-western products are spreading globally (AO2), therefore this represents there is a resistance to homogenisation and that it may be stemmed or at least pushed back, there is hope that cultural globalisation may not be totally dominant and that it can be countered if there is a coordinated effort against it (AO3) • economic globalisation has impact as there is a view that a western dominance exists through emphasis on economic liberalism, and this has a clear stronghold on the thinking of many powerful countries that affects global issues (AO2), consequently, this may be considered the most significant form of globalisation as a driving force for other forms, as money is a highly significant factor in all countries and societies, and is ultimately more powerful than cultural elements, its power does not seem likely to diminish (AO3) • political globalisation may be seen as the most significant form of globalisation as it impacts on state sovereignty, with the creation of many new intergovernmental, and even supranational, institutions such as the EU and the ECJ (AO2), this, therefore, goes against cultural globalisation having the greatest impact as such institutions do have considerable power in shaping the global agenda and in impacting on state sovereignty, i.e. through cases such as the UK court case Factortame vs the ECJ (AO3) • there is evidence that all forms of globalisation are continuing to develop in terms of their impact, so it is hard to judge which has more impact. Also, the realist viewpoint that globalisation is insignificant in any form – therefore cultural is as insignificant as any other type (AO2), thus the backlash against cultural globalisation would suggest that other forms are more likely to have a greater significance. While there is resistance to cultural globalisation, political and economic globalisation seem to be far better received and are accepted almost universally (AO3). • Candidates may also evaluate that all forms of globalisation are so interlinked as to form a single process, with no dominant form of globalisation. Sample Paper Q2 Analyse the divisions regarding human nature that exist between realists and liberals. Support for cultural globalisation liberals see cultural globalisation as creating shared norms and values among people on a global scale, which is a powerful tool of change cultural globalisation may have impacted more because of its cultural flattening of differences among nations, regions and individuals cultural globalisation is more significant because it can be linked to homogenisation, with a shrinking world of shared television programmes, sport, commodities, food etc. we have seen the growth of huge media corporations, spanning the globe. Support against cultural globalisation and for other forms of globalisation homogenisation may have led to cultural backlash, so this has an impact on the significance of cultural globalisation economic globalisation (the process whereby all national economies have, to a greater or lesser extent, been absorbed into an interlocking global economy) is also significant political globalisation (the growing importance of international organisations) is also significant as these organisations are transnational in that they exercise jurisdiction not within a single state but within an international area comprising several states there is evidence that all other forms of globalisation combined are continuing to develop in terms of their impact and that cultural globalisation is no more significant than other forms or there is the realist view that international systems remain substantially unchanged.