AO1 Liberal and anti/post-colonial nationalism promotes mutual respect for nations and seeks independence for all (Rousseau). AO2 Liberal and anti-colonial nationalism agree that all nations are of equal worth and must have the right to self-determination and self-governance, seeking a future world of independent nation-states. [IJ] Therefore showing strong support in both strands for these progressive values and a desire to enable all nations to be autonomous entities (Mazzini), which is at the heart of both strands and unlikely to change. AO1 Liberal and anti-colonial nationalism sees nations as civic entities. AO2 Civic forms of nationalism see nations in rational and inclusive terms seeking to break boundaries down and encouraging people to join nations that they seek to be a part of. [IJ] Consequently showing that within civic, inclusive forms of nationalism there is a desire to agree on the basic fundamentals of nationhood and that strands can work together to agree on this common progressive goal. AO1 Liberal nationalism and anti/post-colonialism both seek international harmony (Garvey), believing nation-states should be regulated by international law. AO2 Liberal nationalism and anti/post-colonialism seek international harmony by promoting a rational understanding of nationalism, whereby nations respect each other and their right to self-determination. [IJ] Therefore this unifying belief draws the two strands together as they have a common understanding of nationalism, showing huge areas of agreement between them both as a liberating, progressive force.

AO1 Some types of expansionist nationalism breed feelings of intense patriotism, often leading to war (Maurras). AO2 Some forms of expansionist nationalism, e.g. integral nationalism, promote an irrational view of nationhood, encouraging the view that not all nations have the right to self-determination, which often leads to war (Maurras). [IJ] Thus a core principle of these forms of nationalism is the desire to go to war against other nations, they cannot be seen as progressive as their main aim seeks to repress others. AO1 Conservative and expansionist nationalism believes that nations are forged by having a shared history. AO2 Conservative nationalism is based on a nostalgic view of the past, seeking to hold on to traditions and learning from the past, and expansionist nationalism is based on the re-establishment of past national greatness, often seeking to emulate regressive practices. [IJ] Therefore showing that they do not seek to look forward and work with other nations, and cannot be seen as progressive. AO1 Conservative nationalism sees nations as ethnic entities (Herder), and expansionist nationalism as biologically distinct 'races', showing that they are not progressive. AO2 Ethnic forms of nationalism, like conservative and expansionist nationalism, see nations in irrational, more exclusive terms, believing each nation to have its own spiritual uniqueness (Herder), some expansionists see nations as biologically distinct 'races' leading to a hierarchy of races. [IJ] Thus showing that within ethnic, exclusive forms of nationalism there is a lack of desire to recognise other views of nationhood, and in some cases a desire to subjugate some nations, showing no interest in working towards a better future for all nations, this cannot be seen as progressive in any way.