AO1 Multiculturalists endorse positive discrimination. AO2 Some multiculturalists endorse positive discrimination to tackle the social injustice of unfair disadvantages and under-representation in public life (W. Kymlicka), which can block integration into society. [IJ] Therefore minority rights can ensure the full and equal participation of all cultures in society and decision making, which is essential for integration. AO1 Multiculturalists support polyethnic rights. AO2 Some multiculturalists support polyethnic rights for immigrant minority communities, where they are religious or ethnic minorities, which may include legal exemptions from generally applicable law or bilingual education. [IJ] Consequently this will maintain their cultural identity and will provide fairer terms for integration in liberal democracies (W. Kymlicka). AO1 Multiculturalists believe that minority rights are crucial to integration into society. AO2 Some multiculturalists enthusiastically endorse minority rights to promote integration as the liberal state, by promoting universal rights which do not recognise difference, marginalise or subordinate the minority culture(s) (C. Taylor), thus making minority cultures unable to integrate into society. [IJ] So minority rights provide the protection for minority cultures, which enables individuals to have their identity recognised and fully integrate into society.

AO1 Some conservatives have criticised minority rights. AO2 Some conservatives have criticised minority rights, arguing that they block integration into wider society, such as the right of Muslim women to wear the veil marking Muslims out as separate. [IJ] This therefore shows that minority rights become a symbol of separateness, marking minorities out as different, thus leading to ghettoisation and segregation, not integration. AO1 Some conservatives have criticised positive discrimination. AO2 Some conservatives have criticised positive discrimination, such as affirmative action in the USA, as unfair to the majority or demeaning to the minority. [IJ] Thus minority rights create a sense of inferiority in minorities and anger in the majority, which blocks integration. AO1 Minority rights are sometimes seen as clashing with individual rights. AO2 Minority rights are sometimes seen as clashing with individual rights, as in the case of the right of Muslim women to wear the veil, which some claim discriminates against women, directly reducing their integration into society. [IJ] Therefore this clash between universal rights, liberal rights and group rights remains a key source of tension in the debate over whether minority rights support integration.