AO1 Nationalism puts the nation at the centre of its ideas AO2 Nationalism places the nation as the centre of its ideas, aiming to promote national autonomy, identity, and unity and that the nation-state is built around people identifying as a nation with shared values, showing that nationalism is united in its view that the nation-state is central to its ideas [IJ] We can conclude that nationalism is united on central ideas AO1 Most nationalists support self-determination and oppose colonialism and imperialism AO2 Most liberal, anti-colonial and conservative nationalists support self-determination and therefore oppose colonialism and imperialism although this can be for very different reasons and to different extents, showing a clear unity over the opposition to colonialism and support for self-determination [IJ] We can conclude that nationalism is united on self-determination AO1 Most nationalists support a world of co-existing nation-states AO2 For most forms of nationalism, nation-states are the central building block of the world, bringing progress, order, and peace – as each nation-state can decide how to govern itself and will respect the sovereignty of other nation-states, reflecting a united view that the nation-state plays a key role in a progressive and peaceful world [IJ] We can conclude that nationalism is united on nation-states

AO1 There is a clear division between progressive and regressive forms of nationalism AO2 Expansionist Conservative nationalists view the nation as a people with a common linguistic and cultural heritage (von Herder), with expansionist nationalism focussing on a romantic view of common ancestry, both of which are considered regressive, whereas liberal nationalism focusses on civic nationalism (Rousseau), showing there is no common view between conservative and liberal nationalism over whether the nation is a rational, progressive or romantic, regressive concept [IJ] We can conclude that nationalism is divided between progressive and regressive forms AO1 There are differing views over whether nationalism is inclusive or exclusive AO2 Liberal and anti-colonial nationalist believe in a more inclusive view of the state based around civic nationalism (Rousseau) which is inclusive or ideas like Pan-Africanism (Garvey) which builds solidarity across nations whilst conservative nationalism seeks to defend, for example, a language, religion, set of traditions or a national 'way of life' (von Herder) whilst expansionist nationalism sees their nation as unique, special and based on common ancestry (Maurras) which are exclusive rather than inclusive, showing clear disagreements over inclusivity within nationalism [IJ] We can conclude that nationalism is divided over inclusivity AO1 There are differing views over expansionism and self-determination AO2 Liberal nationalism opposes colonialism due to its support for freedom for all nations and for all their citizens based on the concept of civic nationalism (Rousseau), whilst anti-colonial/post-colonial nationalism seeks self-determination and liberation from colonial rule promoting unity based on commons ancestry that crosses state boundaries (Garvey) whilst Conservative nationalists' support for self-determination is more limited than liberal and anti/post-colonial nationalists as they are less concerned with the rights of all nations and are more concerned with the cohesion of their own nation-state but still oppose any form of authority which stretches beyond one nation (von Herder) and expansionist nationalism views some nation-states as superior to others supporting imperialism, showing a clear division within nationalism over self-determination [IJ] We can conclude that nationalism is divided on self-determination