AO1 There is unity over the idea that culture and identity is important to the individual. AO2 Multiculturalists agree that identity is vital to 'a person's understanding of who they are' (Taylor) and so culture is vital to who we are and how we make sense of the world (Kymlicka). [IJ] This shows that there is unity over the importance of culture and identity to society and human nature. AO1 There is unity over the idea that the dominant culture in society can marginalise and discriminate through stereotyping. AO2 Multiculturalists agree that non-recognition or misrecognition of minority cultures stops people from having their identity recognised (Taylor) as identity can only be understood in the context of culture which can breed conflict and tension by cutting minority groups off from society (Kymlicka, Taylor). [IJ] This shows that there is agreement that culture and identity are vital. AO1 There is broad agreement that society should recognise, respect, and celebrate minority cultures and identities. AO2 Multiculturalists agree that the state and society must recognise and respect difference, as culture is a core feature of identity (Taylor, Parekh). [IJ] This shows clear unity over the need for society to respect culture and identity.

AO1 There is a division over how the diversity of cultures should extend within society. AO2 Liberal multiculturalists support diversity within a liberal framework due to the benefits it delivers to the individual in terms of culture providing the context of choice for individuals to be autonomous and to ensure justice as the liberal state and society cannot be seen as neutral (Kymlicka), pluralist multiculturalism rejects liberal universalism seeing diversity as good as humans are culturally embedded, starting from the point that all cultures have some worth and diversity counters cultural oppression (Parekh) whilst diversity for cosmopolitan multiculturalism supports the ability to create multiple, fluid identities leading to the creation of global citizens which will ultimately lead to melting away of cultural difference. [IJ] This shows clear disunity within multiculturalism over the role and nature of diversity in society. AO1 There is a division within multiculturalism over why culture and identity should be supported. AO2 Liberal multiculturalism does not extend tolerance to groups that limit the rights of the members of their culture as this restricts autonomy and is unjust (Kymlicka), whilst pluralist multiculturalists argue that all cultures have some worth and dialogue between and within cultures is vital to create vibrant and cohesive society (Parekh). [IJ] This shows clear disunity within multiculturalism of the extent of tolerance in society. AO1 The conservative criticism of multiculturalism argues that the promotion of culture and identity promotes difference not unity. AO2 The conservative criticism of multiculturalism argues that diversity undermines unity, as the emphasis on culture and identity promotes differences between groups rather than unity. [IJ] This shows a clear criticism of the multiculturalist approach to culture and identity in society.