AO1 All ecologists are opposed to anthropocentrism, where man is placed above and outside of nature. AO2 All greens reject the anthropocentric view that humanity is above and outside nature and see this world view as central to destruction of the planet. [IJ] They agree that anthropocentrism needs to be replaced if humanity's relationship to nature is to be sustainable. AO1 All ecologists are opposed to the anthropocentric idea that nature is simply a commodity for human consumption. AO2 Greens argue that the anthropocentric view that sees nature purely as a commodity in service to the gods of profit and production (Carson) is unsustainable where there are limits to growth. [IJ] Anthropocentrism must be rejected. AO1 All ecologists oppose anthropocentrism, as it is reductionist not holistic. AO2 Ecologism rejects the anthropocentric idea that nature is a machine whose parts can be understood, fixed, or replaced in isolation from the whole (Merchant) as this does not fit with the lessons of ecology. [IJ] A new relationship with nature needs establishing, built on holism and the lessons of ecology (Carson).

AO1 Shallow greens adopt enlightened anthropocentrism, which is rejected by deep greens and social ecology. AO2 Shallow greens adopt enlightened anthropocentrism with humanity as steward of nature. Deep greens reject this in favour of ecocentrism whilst social ecology rejects anthropocentrism as a model of unjustified hierarchy and domination (Bookchin). [IJ] This shows clear disagreements between all three strands. AO1 Shallow greens adopt the principle of intergenerational equity and give nature instrumental value, whilst this is rejected by deep greens. AO2 Shallow greens argue for limited holism and intergenerational equity to sustainably manage resources (Carson) for instrumental reasons, whilst deep greens give nature intrinsic value based on radical holism and propose ecocentric ethical frameworks like the Land ethic (Leopold). [IJ] This reflects a deep divide between the strands over anthropocentrism. AO1 Social ecology is deeply critical of both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. AO2 Social ecology rejects anthropocentrism as a hierarchical system of domination and ecocentrism as half-baked spiritual nonsense (Bookchin) in favour of changing humanity's relations to create a new human-nature relationship built on partnership (Merchant) and complementarity (Bookchin). [IJ] This shows how deep the disagreement is within ecologism over anthropocentrism.