AO1 All ecologists are opposed to the existing levels of consumerism and materialism in society. AO2 All ecologists see existing levels of consumerism and materialism as tied to industrialism, anthropocentrism and the belief that exponential growth is possible. [IJ] This shows clear agreement between all greens that consumerism and materialism is responsible for environmental destruction. AO1 All ecologists argue that changes must be made in society and lifestyles. AO2 All ecologists believe changes must be made to a more post-materialist and anti-consumerist world that does not measure happiness in terms of material goods as there is more to life than GDP (Schumacher). [IJ] This shows clear agreement that the world needs to move to a post-materialist and anti-consumerist society. AO1 All ecologists argue that there needs to be a move to post-materialism and anti-consumerism to tackle global environmental problems. AO2 All ecologists believe a post-materialist and anti-consumerist society is needed to meet the limits to growth on a finite earth where sustainability and concern for the health of the biosphere is taken into consideration. [IJ] This shows strong agreement in the need for a post-materialist and anti-consumerist society.

AO1 Whilst shallow ecologists support forms of green consumerism and green capitalism, deep and social ecologists reject this view. AO2 Shallow greens believe green consumerism can help drive sustainability and smarter, greener growth (Carson), which deep greens and social ecologists reject in favour of a totally new societal model based on quality of life not quantity of goods (Schumacher) and where production is for needs not wants (Bookchin). [IJ] This shows a fundamental division within ecologism over post-materialism and anti-consumerism. AO1 Deep greens adopt a view that replaces materialism and consumerism with ecocentrism which is rejected by social ecology. AO2 Deep greens would create a post-materialist world by rejecting anthropocentrism (Leopold) and moving to ecocentrism through individual, spiritual change whilst social ecology rejects this seeing change in terms of smashing hierarchical, domineering relations between humans (Merchant, Bookchin). [IJ] This shows a clear difference between deep greens and social ecology. AO1 Shallow greens are reformist in their approach whilst deep greens and social ecology are radical. AO2 Both deep greens and social ecology believe radical change in terms of society, economy and the state (Bookchin) is necessary whilst shallow greens believe reform within the existing framework. [IJ] This shows a clear disagreement about how to make the changes necessary for a post-materialist and anti-consumerist world.