AO1 Feminists agree that women have been and are discriminated against and this needs to change. AO2 Most feminists argue that there is both current and historical discrimination against women which clearly undermines the principle of equality; this oppression and discrimination needs to be removed. [IJ] Clear agreement within feminism over the fact women have not been treated equally in society, by the state and in the economy. AO1 Most feminists are equality feminists with a goal of achieving gender equality based on their views on sex and gender. AO2 Most feminists are equality feminists and should pursue equality based on the idea that human nature is androgynous (de Beauvoir). [IJ] Clear agreement within much of feminism over equality. AO1 Most feminists argue that achieving equality requires freeing women from gender stereotyping and gender roles. AO2 Most feminists agree that gender roles are cultural not biological and are culturally enforced in the family (bell hooks) and in wider society (Gilman). [IJ] These gender roles must be challenged in order to pursue equality.

AO1 There are clear disagreements between equality feminists and difference feminists over the importance of biological differences and equality. AO2 Whilst most feminists are equality feminists believing human nature is naturally androgynous (de Beauvoir), difference feminists argue there are real differences, and these differences matter. [IJ] There is more disagreement within feminism between equality and difference feminism over the nature of equality. AO1 There is disagreement over what equality means and how it should be achieved. AO2 Equality feminists seek liberation through equality, but disagreements remain: liberal feminists aim for political and legal equality; radical feminists focus on overthrowing patriarchy and the personal is political (Millett); socialist feminists root inequality in capitalism (Rowbotham); postmodern feminism sees inequality as intersectional (bell hooks). Difference feminists argue equality needs to be achieved via a woman-centred approach celebrating difference. [IJ] Reflects a clear disagreement within feminism about how to achieve equality (reform vs. revolution). AO1 Cultural feminism is very different from equality feminism. AO2 Cultural feminism takes an essentialist view of female nature arguing that patriarchal society devalues feminine traits; women should embrace essential feminine traits rather than seeking equality based on androgyny. [IJ] Shows very clear disagreement within feminism over human nature.