AO1 Multiculturalists agree that integration is a two-way process to allow minorities to be part of wider society without conceding their own cultural traditions. AO2 Most multiculturalists take a view that integration is a two way process that includes the protection of minority groups from domination by majority groups (i.e. group differentiated rights – Kymlicka, the politics of recognition – Taylor) allowing individuals to integrate into wider society (Modood). [IJ] This shows clear agreement with multiculturalism over the importance of integration at an individual and social group level. AO1 Multiculturalists support integration (individual, multicultural and cosmopolitan) but oppose assimilation. AO2 Most multiculturalist oppose assimilation as it is a one way process that creates marginalisation, oppression and disadvantage and support integration due the belief of the central importance of cultural belonging to identity. [IJ] This shows a high level of agreement within multiculturalism in its opposition to assimilation and support for integration. AO1 Multiculturalists argue that integration is the only solution to creating diversity within unity. AO2 Multiculturalism argues that diversity is possible within unity and that integration is the only way to create a common sense of belonging to wider society (Parekh). [IJ] This shows clear agreement within multiculturalism over how integration balances multicultural identities with national identity (Modood).

AO1 There is clear disagreement between liberal and pluralist multiculturalists about how to achieve integration. AO2 Whilst liberal multiculturalists support integration that leads to a form of shallow diversity and do not extend tolerance to values/beliefs that are intolerant, pluralist multiculturalists support an integration that facilitates deep diversity from the starting point that all cultures have value (Parekh) and oppose liberalism universalism in society or support the ideas of value pluralism (Berlin). [IJ] This shows clear disagreements within multiculturalism over the extent of diversity. AO1 There is disagreement between cosmopolitan multiculturalists and the rest of multiculturalism over integration. AO2 Cosmopolitan multiculturalist support a form of cosmopolitan integration that supports a pick and mix approach allowing for the development of multiple, fluid identities that ultimately will become a global culture and even lead to the breakdown of the nation state whereas most multiculturalists see integration as balancing diversity and unity. [IJ] This shows clear disagreements within multiculturalism over both the type of integration and its goals. AO1 There is clear opposition to the process of integration from critics of multiculturalism who favour assimilation. AO2 Whilst multiculturalists support differing forms of integration, conservative critics believe the politics of difference and/or group differentiated rights emphasises difference leading to segregation not integration. [IJ] This shows that critics believe that unity is not possible where there is diversity so a policy of assimilation should be adopted.