AO1 Conservative nationalism and expansionist nationalism offer an exclusive view of society AO2 Conservative nationalism seeks to defend a language, religion, set of traditions or a national 'way of life' (von Herder) whilst expansionist nationalism sees society as unique, special and based on common ancestry (Maurras), reflecting that conservative and expansionist nationalism offer an exclusive view of society [IJ] We can conclude that conservative and expansionist nationalism offer an exclusive view of society AO1 Nationalists believe that society is characterised by shared values and beliefs AO2 All nationalists believe that society is characterised by shared values and beliefs, ultimately rooted in a common national identity, so there is clearly a common view amongst nationalists in regard to society [IJ] We can conclude that all nationalists share a common view of society based on common values and beliefs AO1 Expansionist nationalism and conservative nationalism are opposed to any form of nationalism like civic nationalism which allows for the respect for ethnic and cultural diversity within society AO2 Both expansionist and conservative nationalism is based around an emotional, mystical and regressive view of the nation and society so opposes civic nationalism. Expansionist nationalism is more exclusive as it claims superiority over other groups and nations (Maurras), so there is a consistent view among some nationalists that ethnic and cultural diversity within the society should be opposed [IJ] We can conclude that expansionist and conservative nationalism have a consistent view opposing ethnic and cultural diversity

AO1 Whilst expansionist and conservative nationalism have an exclusive approach to society, liberal and anti/post colonialism is more closely associated with an inclusive approach AO2 Conservative nationalists view society as based on the nation as a people with a common linguistic and cultural heritage (von Herder) whereas liberal nationalism and to an extent anti/post-colonial nationalism focusses on civic nationalism (Rousseau), reflecting there are clear divisions within nationalism between its exclusive and inclusive forms [IJ] We can conclude that there are clear divisions within nationalism between exclusive and inclusive forms regarding society AO1 Liberal and anti/post colonialism hold an inclusive, rational view of the society AO2 Nationalism is open and voluntary (Rousseau); if you sign up to the values of the society, you are welcomed and acceptance is not limited by identity related restrictions like culture (von Herder), language or ethnicity, showing liberal and anti/post-colonial nationalism is largely inclusive as nationalism is open and voluntary [IJ] We can conclude that liberal and anti/post-colonial nationalism hold an inclusive, rational view of society AO1 Liberal nationalism in particular is inclusive in that it allows for diversity in society AO2 Liberal nationalism allows respect for cultural and ethnic diversity within society, provided that does not challenge the core civic values (i.e. democratic values) unlike conservative nationalism which supports assimilation within society, showing that liberal nationalism in particular is inclusive of different cultures and ethnicities rather than exclusive [IJ] We can conclude that liberal nationalism is inclusive in allowing diversity in society