AO1 There is agreement that the individual does not exist before or outside of society. AO2 Most multiculturalists agree that the individual does not exist outside of or before society (Taylor) and therefore that human identity is bound up in culture - culture as a context of choice (Kymlicka) and humans are culturally embedded (Parekh) [IJ] showing that there is some agreement around the relationship between the individual and society within multiculturalism. AO1 Assimilation should be rejected. AO2 There is agreement that assimilation ignores the importance of culture, and cultural belonging, so will alienate individuals and minority cultures from society breeding tension and conflict (Taylor) [IJ] showing there is clear agreement between multiculturalists in their rejection of assimilation. AO1 Society should be both diverse and tolerant. AO2 There is clear agreement in support for the politics of recognition (Taylor) and group differentiated rights (Kymlicka) to meet the needs of all cultures in society. Diverse societies which are enriched by the different cultures that co-exist within them [IJ] showing that there is clear agreement that society should be both diverse and tolerant.

AO1 There is no consistent view of how far diversity should extend between liberal, pluralist and cosmopolitan multiculturalists. AO2 Whilst liberal multiculturalists support a form of shallow diversity, pluralist multiculturalists support value pluralism (Berlin) or deep diversity, where the starting point should be that all cultures must have some worth and see diversity as a good in itself (Parekh) while cosmopolitan multiculturalists support diversity to allow for the transformation to a single, global community based on shared morality [IJ] showing that there is clear disagreement between liberal and pluralist multiculturalists over the extent of diversity within society. AO1 Disagreements over diversity mean that there is no consistent view over tolerance and whether it must exist in a liberal framework. AO2 While liberal multiculturalists do not extend tolerance to values/beliefs that are intolerant or oppressive (Kymlicka) or oppose liberal democracy as this clashes with autonomy, pluralist multiculturalism opposes liberal universalism (Parekh) [IJ] showing that there is clear disagreement about whether tolerance can only exist within a liberal framework. AO1 Disagreements over the support for minority rights and cultural recognition mean there is more disagreement than agreement. AO2 Liberal multiculturalists put more emphasis on creating societies that support minority rights to ensure autonomy, justice and individualism (Kymlicka) whilst pluralist multiculturalists support cultural recognition as the basis for civic participation and creating a deep sense of belonging (Parekh/Modood) whilst cosmopolitan multiculturalists support minority rights to help in the transformation to a single, global community [IJ] showing there is clear disagreement between multiculturalists as the reason to support minority rights and cultural recognition.