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Paper 2 Ideology · 2023 · 24 marks
To what extent do collectivist anarchism and individualist anarchism disagree on economic freedom? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Anarchism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 For anarchism, economic freedom is a central plank of the liberty of the individual. AO2 Most anarchists agree that liberty is the mother of order (Proudhon) so economic freedom is central to the individual and the peaceful, stateless society. [IJ] Most anarchists agree that economic freedom is central to liberty and natural order. AO1 Most anarchists see capitalism and private property as exploitative. AO2 Most anarchists believe that private property and capitalism in their current guise create relations that are coercive and exploitative (Kropotkin) undermining economic freedom. [IJ] Most anarchists see capitalism and private property as undermining economic freedom. AO1 Anarchists agree that economic freedom is only possible without the state. AO2 Anarchists believe that economic freedom is only possible without the existence of the state (Bakunin). [IJ] There is more agreement than disagreement within collectivist anarchism over the view that the state must be destroyed for economic freedom to be achieved.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 There is disagreement between anarcho-capitalists and collectivists over the relationship between economic freedom and capitalism and private property. AO2 Anarcho-capitalists support private property and the free market as the central components of economic freedom, whilst collectivists see them as the root cause of exploitation (Proudhon). [IJ] Individualist and collectivist anarchists clearly disagree over the relationship between capitalism, private property and economic freedom. AO1 There is disagreement within collectivist anarchism about the conditions necessary for economic freedom. AO2 Mutualism (Proudhon) supports possession, based on use, and workers retaining the fruits of their labour whilst anarcho-communism supports common ownership (Kropotkin). [IJ] There is disagreement within collectivist anarchism over whether mutualism or common ownership offers the basis for economic freedom. AO1 Disagreement between anarcho-capitalists and the rest of anarchism over whether freedom can exist without equality. AO2 Without equality, there can be no freedom for many individualist anarchists (Stirner) for voluntary associations to be entered into and for collectivists, inequality is the key cause of conflict and oppression in society (Bakunin) whilst the basis for freedom for anarcho-capitalism is a free market and private property. [IJ] There is clear disagreement between anarcho-capitalists and the rest of anarchism over whether freedom can exist without equality.
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