AO1 All ecologists take from the science of ecology the concept of sustainability. AO2 Ecology teaches that sustainability, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its health over time, and all ecologists want to apply this principle to the biosphere (Carson). [IJ] We can conclude that all ecologists agree it is vital to understand and apply the principle of sustainability. AO1 All ecologists take the view that the Limits to Growth report shows that the current economic models are unsustainable. AO2 Current economic models, based on industrialism, materialism and consumerism will breach the limits to growth showing that they are unsustainable. [IJ] We can conclude that ecologists agree that current economic models are not sustainable. AO1 All ecologists sign up to the principle of sustainability. AO2 This principle argues that the future economic model should recognise the principle of sustainability and work within the limits to growth. [IJ] We can conclude that ecologists agree that the future society and economy must be sustainable.

AO1 Shallow greens favour weak sustainability, whilst deep greens and social ecology favours strong sustainability. AO2 Weak sustainability favours smarter, greener and slower growth that manages natural resources (Carson) whilst strong sustainability favours de-growth, followed by a steady state economy, which preserves natural resources. [IJ] We can conclude that whilst all agree over sustainability, there is a clear difference over what the term sustainability means. AO1 Shallow greens' view of sustainability leads to a reformist approach, whilst for deep greens and social ecology it leads to a radical approach. AO2 Shallow greens see sustainable development as greening existing economic models, whilst deep greens/social ecology reject capitalism and wish to replace it with small, autonomous economic communities (Schumacher, Bookchin, Leopold). [IJ] We can conclude that different views of sustainability lead to clear differences over the actions that need to be taken. AO1 The shallow green view of sustainability places great faith in technology, which is rejected by deep greens and social ecology. AO2 Shallow green sustainability allows for smarter growth and green consumerism, whilst deep greens and social ecology reject this believing technology is only part of the solution, and is only valuable alongside a transformation of values. [IJ] We can conclude that there is a clear disagreement over the role of technology in ensuring sustainability.