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Paper 2 Ideology · 2022 · 24 marks
To what extent are the views of individualist anarchists consistent with collectivist anarchists? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Anarchism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 Rejection of the state is the core principle that unites together anarchists. AO2 All anarchists agree that any form of state is unjust, controlling, coercive and corrupting (Goldman). [IJ] We can conclude that all anarchists are consistent in their rejection of the state. AO1 All anarchists are consistent in their view that social order occurs naturally. AO2 All anarchists reject the state in favour of social order that occurs naturally and spontaneously as a result of their view of human nature. [IJ] We can conclude that all anarchists are consistent in their belief that a peaceful, stable, stateless society is possible. AO1 All anarchists are consistent in their commitment to liberty. AO2 All anarchists are committed to liberty and the removal of all forms of political authority and hierarchy. [IJ] We can conclude that anarchists are consistent in their commitment to liberty.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 There is a clear division between individualist and collectivist anarchists over human nature. AO2 Individualists see the individual as rational and self-seeking (Stirner) whilst collectivists argue order will emerge due to the social nature of humanity through cooperation (Bakunin). [IJ] We can conclude that individualist and collectivist anarchists clearly disagree over the essence of human nature. AO1 The disagreement over human nature is reflected in differing views of the future society. AO2 Individualist anarchists favour the voluntary association of self-interested individuals, a Union of Egoists (Stirner) whilst collectivists favour self-managing communes organised around cooperation and mutual aid (Kropotkin). [IJ] We can conclude that collectivist and individualist anarchism disagrees over the future society driven by different views of human nature. AO1 Whilst collective anarchists and most individualist anarchists are consistent in their opposition to capitalism, there is a clear divide with anarcho-capitalists. AO2 Whilst egoism (Stirner) and all collectivist strands oppose capitalism, anarcho-capitalists support an unfettered free market. [IJ] We can conclude that there is inconsistency in their views over capitalism.
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