AO1 All ecologists recognise the need for a change in the existing social structures. AO2 This is based on the Limits to Growth; ecologism argues that the materialism and consumerism will lead to society overshooting the limits to growth leading to ecological destruction. [IJ] As such the unbridled consumerism and materialism endemic in society has to end. AO1 All ecologists take a more holistic view of the world. AO2 Ecologists reject the mechanistic world view and reductionism that underpin society's view that nature is a commodity for human exploitation, favouring the lessons of ecology to build a more holistic approach to nature. [IJ] Thus many ecologists move to reject the current set of social structures which has created this problem. AO1 All ecologists endorse and support sustainability rejecting the case for the unlimited, exponential growth of business as usual. AO2 Ecologists argue that a new societal framework is needed to ensure sustainability so that the biosphere can maintain its health over time. [IJ] We can conclude that all ecologists advance and advocate a change in existing social structure to ensure sustainability.

AO1 Disagreement amongst ecologists emerges with the degree of change to existing social structures between the deep and shallow sections in ecologism. AO2 Deep greens and social ecology argue for radical social change (Leopold, Bookchin) to replace the existing social structures whereas shallow greens believe in a reformist approach (Carson) as opposed to the complete overthrow of the existing system. [IJ] Hence we can conclude that there is a divide between those who wish for a new social paradigm and those who wish to adapt the existing one. AO1 Some ecologists see the nature of capitalism as core to reforming the social structure whereas others are less hostile to the removal of capitalism. AO2 The attitude to capitalism throws up different views: shallow greens endorse capitalism in different forms (managerial approach and green capitalism) and deep greens and social ecologists (Bookchin) seek its downfall and replacement. [IJ] We can see differences in their approaches to capitalist society. AO1 Deep and social ecology rejects the view that economic growth is compatible with sustainability whilst shallow greens favour smarter, slower growth. AO2 Deep and shallow greens would reject industrialism in favour of strong sustainability (degrowth and steady state economies) whilst shallow greens believe that technology can allow for smarter growth - weak sustainability. [IJ] Thus there is no universal view on which is the most appropriate social structure to replace the current model.