‹ All questionsPaper 2 Ideology · 2020 · 24 marks
To what extent do anarchists agree on the need for common ownership in a future anarchist society? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Anarchism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 Most anarchists believe that private ownership and capitalism is exploitative and undermines freedom.
AO2 Most anarchists argue that private property creates exploitative relationships and undermines freedom.
[IJ] We can conclude that most anarchists agree on the need to remove private property and capitalism to build the future society.
AO1 Most collectivist anarchists support common ownership.
AO2 Collectivist anarchists believe the economy should be ordered on a collectivist basis where workers can enjoy the fruits of their labour as economic freedom is built on the concept of equality.
[IJ] From the rejection of capitalism, we can form a judgement that anarchists agree on the need for common ownership in a future anarchist society.
AO1 Many collectivist anarchists argue for small-scale economic systems based on cooperation and mutual aid.
AO2 Many anarchists argue for a more devolved and small-scale economy based on communes, based around common ownership, that are self-managing and voluntarily joined together in federations.
[IJ] From the emphasis on small-scale economies, we can form a judgement that anarchists agree on the need for self-managing communes built around common ownership in a future anarchist society.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 Whilst anarcho-capitalists support private property and capitalism, it is rejected by other anarchists.
AO2 Anarcho-capitalists support capitalism and private property, seeing it as central to economic freedom whilst collectivist anarchists oppose private property and capitalism as exploitative.
[IJ] We can conclude from this that anarchists disagree on the need for common ownership in a future anarchist society.
AO1 Collectivist anarchists are divided over the need for common ownership.
AO2 Mutualists see possession or use rights, rather than private property or common ownership as the key to economic freedom (Proudhon) whilst collectivists (Bakunin) and anarcho-communists (Kropotkin) support common ownership of the means of production to deliver economic freedom.
[IJ] We can form a judgement that there are divisions on whether common ownership or mutualism should be the basis of the future society.
AO1 Some collectivist anarchists support the idea that all products should be at the disposal of the whole community, others believe the workers should keep the fruits of their labour.
AO2 Mutualists (Proudhon) and collectivists (Bakunin) believe workers should keep the fruits of their labour whilst anarcho-communists believe products should be held in common ownership.
[IJ] We can reach a verdict that anarchists disagree on the need for common ownership in a future anarchist society.
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