‹ All questionsPaper 2 Ideology · 2019 · 24 marks
To what extent do feminists agree over human nature? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Feminism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 Most feminists agree that there is no difference between the human nature of men and women.
AO2 Equality feminists (the majority across different traditions) believe that humans are androgynous and that gender distinctions are not based on natural differences between men's and women's human nature (de Beauvoir).
[IJ] As equality feminists reject the idea that gender distinctions are based on human nature, there is agreement over human nature.
AO1 Most feminists agree that gender distinctions are social constructs rather than part of human nature.
AO2 Equality feminists argue that society requires women to adopt the 'feminine' gender role to accept their position in the family structure, among others; these gender roles can and should be challenged (Millett).
[IJ] Most equality feminists reject and challenge gender distinctions they argue are based on social constructs rather than human nature.
AO1 Most feminists agree that once patriarchy has been overcome gender distinctions will become largely irrelevant.
AO2 Equality feminists argue that patriarchy instils gender stereotypes on women and men, imposing an artificial 'nature' on women to keep them in a subordinate position (Charlotte Perkins Gilman).
[IJ] Most feminists agree that patriarchy distorts the true nature of both men and women in society.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 Difference feminists believe that men and women have different natures and that gender distinctions are based on these.
AO2 Difference feminists believe that men and women have different natures rooted in biology (essentialism), putting them at odds with most strands of feminism.
[IJ] Difference feminists disagree fundamentally with most other feminists over human nature.
AO1 Difference feminists argue that women should not try to be like men but should celebrate their differences and distinctiveness.
AO2 Difference feminists argue against androgyny; women should not try to be like men but celebrate their differences and distinctiveness, based on their distinct human nature.
[IJ] Difference feminists argue for a society where women's differences are celebrated. Therefore feminists disagree over human nature.
AO1 An extreme and rare form of difference feminism argues for separatism.
AO2 Separatist feminists argue that men are predisposed to oppress women and this biological difference is fixed; the only option therefore is for women to live separately, free from oppression.
[IJ] This is a clear difference as the vast majority of feminists are opposed to this approach to gender relations.
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