AO1 Multiculturalists disagree on how far the state should support diversity in multicultural societies. AO2 Liberal multiculturalists set clear limit to what should or should not be tolerated and so practice shallow diversity. For example, the state should outlaw practices that are themselves intolerant or illiberal, such as FGM whilst pluralist multiculturalist believe in deep diversity due to their belief in value pluralism (Berlin) or opposition to liberal universalism (Parekh). [IJ] It is clear that multiculturalist do deeply disagree over the limits of tolerance, with liberal multiculturalists rejecting views and practices which are not in line with liberal beliefs with pluralist multiculturalists support value pluralism and reject this form of liberal universalism. AO1 Multiculturalists disagree on how far the state's role extends in promoting multiculturalism AO2 Some multiculturalists argue that the state should promote the politics of recognition (Taylor) and/or group differentiated rights (Kymlicka) whilst pluralist multiculturalists would see the role of the state extending further with all functions of the state reimagined through multiculturalism (Parekh) and social and economic inequality must be tackled to promote multiculturalism. [IJ] Since multiculturalists disagree on how far the state should go in promoting a multicultural society this shows that they disagree over the role of the state. AO1 Multiculturalists disagree on whether or not the state should play a role in rewriting the national story of the state/nation AO2 Some multiculturalists argue that the state has to go beyond minority rights and promoting diversity to promote continuous rethinking dialogue between cultures to rewrite the national story so it is inclusive and respectful of all cultures (Modood). [IJ] As there is disagreement among multiculturalists on whether the state should play a role in redefining the national story of the state in order to create a sense of unity within society.

AO1 Multiculturalists agree that states can be used to promote a single dominant culture. AO2 Multiculturalists agree that the state can play a negative role if it promotes a single dominant culture in society (Parekh/Taylor) and that even if the state is neutral its decisions will reflect the culture of the majority (Kymlicka) such as the official language, curriculum and designating of public holidays. [IJ] Therefore, multiculturalists strongly agree that the state can play a negative role in promoting a dominant culture and through assimilation and oppressing minority cultures. AO1 Multiculturalists agree that the state has to act beyond anti-discrimination laws and formal equality as it is necessary to protect minority rights in law. AO2 Multiculturalists agree that the state is a useful instrument in protecting minorities and minority rights (Kymlicka) through the concept of group differentiated rights. [IJ] Therefore, multiculturalists agree that the state can play a crucial role in defending minority rights in society. AO1 Multiculturalists should promote diversity and forms of integration for individuals from minority cultures AO2 Multiculturalists believe it is the responsibility of the state to promote diversity in society as culture is so important to the identity of the individual (Taylor). The state should also provide multiple routes of integration including multiculturalist integration (Modood) to ensure there is a balance between diversity and unity. [IJ] Multiculturalists therefore agree that promoting diversity and multiple routes for integration is a crucial role for the state so that it can balance diversity and unity (Parekh/Modood).