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Paper 2 Ideology · 2019 · 24 marks
To what extent is an anarchist society achievable? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Anarchism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 Anarchism is based on a positive view of human nature. AO2 An anarchist society is based on a positive and malleable view of human nature (Kropotkin). It is the state and exploitative societies which undermine and threaten the natural order of an anarchist society. [IJ] We can conclude that on the basis of anarchists' views of human nature that a stateless anarchist society is achievable. AO1 There have been successful examples of social organisation based on anarchist principles. AO2 The watchmakers of Switzerland (Proudhon) who based their affairs on mutual co-operation and of anarcho-syndicalism show that a society based on anarchist principles is realistic. [IJ] The successful examples of anarchism in practice show that an anarchist society is achievable. AO1 Individualist anarchists support a society based on rational and self-interested individuals. AO2 Individualist anarchists have a more realistic view of human nature and base their future anarchist society on self-interested and rational (Stirner) individuals. [IJ] We can conclude that a society based on individualist anarchist principles is achievable.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 Anarchism is based on an over-optimistic view of human nature. AO2 Collectivist anarchism in particular is based on an over-optimistic view of human nature in that individuals will not seek to exploit each other in the absence of a state. [IJ] We can conclude that an anarchist society is not a realistic goal since it is based on a utopian view of human nature. AO1 Modern societies require a state authority. AO2 Modern, complex societies require a state authority to ensure law and order, the protection of rights and the regulation of the economy. [IJ] We can conclude that an anarchist society is not a realistic goal as we require state authorities to regulate complex societies. AO1 There are no examples of a successful anarchist society. AO2 Examples of societies based on anarchist principles have only been short-lived and small-scale. [IJ] We can conclude that this absence of practical examples of successful anarchist society shows that anarchist principles are utopian and that an anarchist society is an unrealistic goal.
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