AO1: The Conservative Party is no longer accurately described as being New Right and One Nation. They now follow more populist ideas and policy. AO2: The advent of Brexit and the issue of immigration has re-shaped the Conservative Party. Since the leadership of Boris Johnson, the party has had different policies no longer tied to either One Nation or the New Right but instead to populist ideas which cut across these. AO3: We can thus conclude that the Conservative Party has radically changed from its historical origins. AO1: The Liberal Democrats are much more pragmatic than they used to be with the classical and modern liberal labels are no longer applicable. They position themselves to be an alternative to both Labour and the Conservatives in terms of policy. AO2: The Liberal Democrats have also abandoned their historic origins. Instead, they have tried to identify as the only established parties that is clearly pro-EU, and also has a strong green agenda which makes it different to the other parties. AO3: As such we could conclude that the Liberal Democrats have become more prepared to adapt policy and ideas for electoral advantage, away from its historical principles. AO1: Old Labour is not relevant anymore. After electoral defeat in 2019 the principles and policy options of New Labour dominate. AO2: Since its 2019 election defeat, Labour has had to re-think its historical values. This arises because it has to appeal to a wider demographic and the 2019 party was not popular. AO3: We can conclude that the Labour Party policies and ideas are radically changed from its historical values. AO1: Overall policy is more fluid with movement within all established parties. The left wing and right wing basis of these policies is unclear. AO2: Policy and ideas have become much more fluid in recent years. Policy has drifted to variants of populism, and established parties have had to adapt AO3: We arrive at a verdict that all the established parties can be seen as ‘catch all parties’ who are willing to drop policy and ideas for the opportunity and change to secure electoral victory

AO1: AO1 The Conservatives can still be identified with the One Nation and New Right ideas. Policy reflects both free market ideas alongside a call to care for the vulnerable in society. AO2: AO2 New Right and One Nation groups still dominate, with one of these two different wings in ascendency at any one time and policy will reflect this. AO3: AO3 Concluding that the Conservative Party has not radically changed from its historical origins. AO1: The Liberal Democrats can still be viewed through the lens of classical and modern liberalism. They remain pro- free market yet have a clear social conscience which distinguishes them and links them to the principles of modern liberalism. AO2: The Liberal Democrats have policies covering both classical and modern liberalism and have a wide base which can encompass many policy options. AO3: Concluding that the Liberal Democrats have not radically changed from their historical origins. AO1: The Labour Party can still be identified with the ideas of Old and New labour. Policies reflect Old Labour with welfare and New Labour with regard to the free market. AO2: The Labour Party has not abandoned its roots and traditions which define the Party. They champion the working class and underprivileged which ties them to Old Labour, while the modernised New Labour is a more contemporary manifestation of these values AO3: Therefore we conclude that the Labour Party has not radically changed from their historical origins AO1: The overall picture is that the established parties continue to reflect their traditions and policies and are set on a clear left and right wing basis. AO2: The established political parties are considered so, for the core reason that their ideas and policies are fairly constant, ebbing and flowing in a changing political climate. AO3: We can conclude that policy still strongly aligns with their historical origins2024 Q1a Using the source, evaluate the view that the policies and ideas of the established political parties have now radically changed from their historical origins.