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Paper 1 Core Ideologies · 2019 · 24 marks
To what extent do socialists have conflicting views over how the economy should operate? (24 marks)
Core Ideologies: Socialism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1: All socialists attach importance to how the economy operates as the economy determines the basic structure of society and life chances (Marx & Engels) AO2: A fairer economy means a fairer society and wider ownership will result in a fairer society AO3: Showing agreement within socialism over the importance of the economy. AO1: Socialists argue that the economy will be exploited if in private hands (Crosland) AO2: If the economy is left in private hands, then the working class will continue to be exploited (Marx & Engels) AO3: There is agreement within socialism that to achieve social harmony the economy cannot run as it does under unfettered capitalism (Webb) AO1: Socialists believe that an unchecked free market cannot deliver social justice (Webb) AO2: An economy driven by an unchecked free market will deliver hardship and poor sharing of wealth AO3: Showing agreement within socialism over widening ownership of industry AO1: All socialists aim for some form of equality in the economy AO2: Equality is a core value which is at the heart of socialism. AO3: Concluding that there is general agreement over equality in socialism
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1: Disagreement emerges between Revolutionary Socialists and revisionists - social democrats and the third way - over the economy (Marx & Engels) AO2: For Revolutionary Socialists the economy is core and central to the structure of society but for revisionists it is a means to an end AO3: This shows fundamental disagreement and makes the position of each at odds with one another. AO1: Revolutionary Socialists feel the need for a revolution in order to change how the economy operates AO2: Evolutionary socialists (Webb) reject the Revolutionary Socialist (Luxemburg) emphasis on a revolution to overthrow the economic structure AO3: Revisionists and Revolutionary Socialists clash over the need for revolution or evolution to resolve issues over the economy AO1: Revolutionary Socialists aim for the abolition of capitalism, (Luxemburg) but Revisionists are willing to accept a thriving private sector (Crosland) AO2: Revisionists are content for private property ownership to continue believing social progress can be made under a capitalist system (Crosland) whereas Revolutionary Socialists reject this AO3: Showing fundamental disagreement between socialists over the role of capitalism in socialism AO1: Socialists disagree about the nature and form of equality in the economy AO2: Revolutionary Socialists emphasise absolute equality, whereas social democrats measure equality by outcome and the Third Way support equality of opportunity (Giddens) AO3: Showing clear and irreconcilable differences within socialism over equality in the economy
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